Improved cast-iron pipe



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

C. IOMROY, OF POTTSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA.

IMPROVED CAST-lRON PIPE.

Specification forming part oi' Letters Patent No. *20, l 7l, dated May 4, 18x18.

To @ZZ whom, it may concern,.-

Be it known that I, CLIFFORD PoiIRoY, of Pottsville, in the county of Schuylkill and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Cast-Iron Pipes for Conveying Fluids, &c.; and I do hereby declare that the same is described and representedinthe following speciiication and drawings.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my improvement, I will proceed to describe its construction and use, referring to the drawings, in which the same letters indieate like parts in each of the iigures.

Figure l represents the drag or lower half of a flask containing the molding-sand and a section of a piece of pipe in the position in which it was cast. Fig. 2 is an elevation of one end of a flask with a metal core in it to chill the inside of the pipe cast around it. Fig. 3is an elevation of the stand, lever, and weight used to hold the top section of the core in place in the flask.

The nature of my invention and improvement in casteiron pipes for conveying fluids and other purposes consists in chilling the i11- side of such pipes by casting them on a metal core or in some other manner.

In the accompanying drawings, F is thetop or cope of a iiask, and F' the bottom or drag, both made of cast-iron from the same pattern, similar to many flasks used for casting pipe, such as is in common use, and particularly adapted to casting my improved pipe and chilling the inside by the use of a metal core, to which the iiask is 'Fitted byboring or reaming a hole in each end just large enough to fit the core to be used. This hole for the core is represented with. a i'lange, C, around it in the drawings. Each portion oi' this flask is provided with flanges i'or the doweling-pins G G,

which govern the position of the cope upon the drag and enable the workmen to put the cope 011 the drag with facility. rIhere are I'our ears, ld E, on the outer edgesl of the lastmentioned flanges, perforated for the bolts I-I H, which hold the cope and drag together while the pipe is cast. To make this core, I take one piece ot' iron (wrought or east will answer) in the form shown at A, Fig. 2, and two pieces of the i'orm shown at A A, andoi sufficient length to forni the core, and fit their edges together by iiling or planing, so as to make a pretty close joint, making the top piece, A, from a sixteenth to an eighth of an inch wider at the bottom than the top, so that it can be easily pressed or forced in, so as to let the top edges of the pieces A"approach each other and yield to the cast-metal pipe as it shrinks around it in cooling, so as to prevent it from being cracked or otherwise injured as it cools and contracts. Besides, by making this piece A broader at the bottom than the top, or wedge shaped, it can be readily dropped into the center between the pieces A A, and removed with facility, and also release the pieces A A', so that they can be easily removed after the pipe cast around them has cooled. After the pieces A A A' have been fitted to each other they may be clamped together and turned and filed or made smooth and of a proper size in some manner.

To hold the top piece, A, up in its place against the upper side of the hole in the iiask and against the inside of the ange C, I make two small stands, like D, Fig. 3, and fit levers, like L, to each of them and weights B B t0 traverse on the levers, so that when the core is put into the iiask the bottoni of the stand D may be placed over the joint between t-he pieces A A', as shown in Fig. 2, and the short end of the lever L brought up against the top piece, A, and the weight B adjusted to hold it in its place while the mold in the iiask i iilled with molten metal.

The iiask and core having been prepared with the fixtures necessary to hold up the top piece of the core, a pattern may be made in the desired form for the outside of the pipe, with a core-print at each end of a proper size, or the same size as the metal core above mentioned, and long enough to reach into or through the holes in the ends of the flask, so as to form a place in the mold i'or the metal core, and also to hold the pattern in a proper position while the sand is rammed around it. For common pipe only one-hali'of a pattern will be necessary, as the cope and drag can each be molded or iilled with sand on a iiat board in the common or usual manner well known to molders, as the core-prints at the ends of the pattern hold it in the proper position when they are laid in the scores in the ends of the drag and cope, which form the holes for the metallic core around which the pipe is to be cast. After the drag and cope have both been molded,by filling the space S, Fig. l, with sand the pieces A A ofthe metal core may be laid into the scores in the end ot' the drag and the' piece A laid between them, and the cope put on and secured to the drag by bolts or otherwise. rEhe piece A may then be raised up into its place, and the stand and levers put in to hold it up, as shown in Fig. 1. The mold may now be iilled with molten metal Ythrough proper gates formed in the mold.

After the iron or metal begins to harden or set around the core and begins to shrink, if it does not force down the top piece of the core, the levers and weights should be raised and the top piece, A, driven down at each end7 so as to let the pieces A A bc drawn toward each other at thc top by the pipe as it shrinks around them in cooling, so asnot to crack or injure it, and so that the core can be taken out with facility after it cools.

l? is a longitudinal section ol' pipe cast around the metal core.

In order to prevent the molten metal as it is poured into the mold from melting and washing away a portion of the core, there should be two or a series of perpendicular gates made in the mold itthe pipe is long,with a series of f horizontal branches, 011e above anoth eiyleading from each of the perpendicular gates into the mold, the lower one entering the mold at the bottom, or in the mold for the flange on the end of the pipe, andthe other branches in succession two or three inches apart, one above :man

the other, somewhat in proportion tothe size and thickness of the pipe being cast,in amanner well known to foundry-men and melders.

It has beenfound that the water which accumulates in some of the mines in Pennsylvania is impregnated with something supposed to be sulphur or some of its acids, so that it dissolves or eats away common soft cast-iron pipes through which it is pumped, very fast, so asto render the pipe useless in a short time. It has also been ascertained that chilled castiron resists the action ol' such water, so as to be far more durable than unchilled or soft castiron hence I have been induced to make cast-iron pipes and chill the inside, so as to resist the action of such water, and also to resist the action ci the iine particles of coal carried in the water.

I believe I have described the process of making my improved cast-iron pipe, and represented the best apparatus known to me for making it,with directions for using the same. I will now state what I desire to secure by Letters Patent, to wit:

A cast-iron pipe chilled inside as a` new article of manufacture, for the purpose of conveying fluids impregnated with or containing substances which soon destroy iron pipes which are not so chilled.

CLIFFORD POMROY.

fitnessesz MORGAN REED, LLicor, Bunn. 

